There is one curious psychological phenomenon called the Freudian reservation. The expression means that unconditional motives, unresolved internal conflicts, and repressed desires are behind a random reservation.
In 1901, the book "The Psychopathology of Everyday Life" was published, authored by Sigmund Freud, the founding father of psychoanalysis, a doctor, psychiatrist, anthropologist and scientist. In his scientific work, the famous Austrian claims that through insignificant words or erroneous actions, a person expresses his unfulfilled and unconscious desires. The common expression "Freudian reservation" also has an academic name - parapraxis.
According to Freud's theory, all erroneous human actions are divided into 4 groups:
- stonecrops, clerical errors, slum, reservations;
- forgetting of names, names, events, facts, designations;
- erroneous (absurd) actions;
- incompatible with the situation or the words of facial expressions.
Freud allowed his patients to speak out freely: random phrases and words, insignificant discrepancies between behavior and what was said - all this allowed the scientist to identify the hidden psychological problems of the patient. Freud gave this method its name - the Free Association Method, which subsequently received recognition from psychiatrists around the world.
A person does not realize and does not recognize his subconscious motives and desires, but various reservations may indicate the presence of psychological problems and hidden motives.
An ordinary person will explain his speech error with a bunch of logical reasons: forgetfulness, overwork, depression, just an accident. For him, to look for hidden meaning in his actions is an useless and stupid occupation, but meanwhile, if you dig it, it turns out that old Freud was not so wrong, although many psychotherapists would argue with him.
One of the most classic examples of Freudian reservations is a reference to a person by a different name. For example, the wife calls the current spouse the name of her ex-husband, which may well mean that the woman has not completely let go of her past relationships, she constantly thinks about her ex-husband, maybe she is even interested in his life and is jealous, or sincerely hates it. Men also do not lag behind and often call wives the names of lovers, with all the sad consequences for themselves.
There is still controversy, is it necessary to see hidden motives in all speech errors, or are there any randomness? Psychologists and psychiatrists still find it difficult to give a definite answer.