Temperament - this is the innate individual properties of a person, which determine his reaction to environmental stimuli. Features of the physiology and psychology of the individual affect the speed, poise and strength of the reaction, which entails certain mental manifestations: the pace of speech, facial expressions, manner of communication, mobility. Psychologist Eisenck identified four types, offering special tests to identify introversion or extraversion and stability of the psyche.
Instruction manual
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Human temperament is a psychophysiological feature, that is, its formation is based on the human psyche and physiology. It is given by nature, reflects heredity and manifests itself in infancy. You can observe newborn children to notice various reactions to irritants: some often cry, quickly get scared, others almost always behave calmly.
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It is proved that temperament cannot be changed. Studies have shown that all people are able to experience the same set of emotions and experience them equally. But under the influence of various processes of excitation and inhibition that occur in the cerebral cortex, people express and experience them differently: someone will violently show joy or anger, someone will look perfectly balanced even in difficult situations. External emotions are not the only sign, the psychological properties of a person also affect such characteristics as sociability, endurance, a tendency to change impressions, and the ability to withstand stressful situations.
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Eisenck discovered two main signs of temperament: stability and extraversion / introversion. The first determines emotional stability, the second - the sociability of a person. Based on these properties, the scientist identified four types: sanguine (extrovert, stable), phlegamic (introvert, stable), melancholic (introvert, unstable), choleric (extrovert, unstable).
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Often the features of the first, sanguine type, seem more attractive, but one cannot say that one temperament is better than another. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages. In addition, it must be remembered that temperament does not determine the character of a person, but the difficulty in educating certain traits. Therefore, in spite of the impossibility to redo the mental characteristics of a person, you can learn to control emotions, communicate with other people and develop your weaknesses.