Gestalt therapy is a direction of classical psychology. Its main distinguishing feature is the study of the situation "here and now." The Gestalt psychologist observes the client and draws conclusions based on the data received.
You will need
- - analysis of the interlocutor's speech;
- - introspection.
Instruction manual
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Pay attention to your own feelings or the behavior of your interlocutor. There are 5 protective mechanisms that prevent full communication. If you identify any of them at your place or at the interlocutor, it will be easier for you to overcome various communication difficulties. The first such mechanism considered in gestalt therapy is difflexion. It is inherent in many people and consists in hiding the true problems behind abstract reasoning.
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To detect difflexion, analyze your communication. If in the process of discussing a problem a person began to speak monotonously, you suddenly become sad and bored, try to take your communication to a new level. Ask, for example, this question: "At first I was very interested, but suddenly I felt bored. What do you feel at the moment?"
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If your interlocutor laughs when he says something sad, ask something like this: "Your story makes me sad. And what about you?" If a person began to talk about his problems with his boss and suddenly turned to abstract discussions about how everything is bad around him, stop him and ask: “What is happening to you? What are you feeling right now?” etc. This will help make your communication more confidential.
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Try to see if there is a retroflection mechanism in your communication. Retroflection is as follows: a person unconsciously performs actions that he would like to project onto his interlocutor. As a rule, this is aggression or approval. Observe the person: if, in a friendly conversation with you, he bites his lips, frowns, bites his nails, wringes his fingers, pulls his hair, etc., it means that he has far from peaceful feelings towards you. To help someone you talk openly about their feelings, ask him, for example, the following: "When you bite your nails, how do you feel?"
5
Analyze your communication for the presence of a projection mechanism in it. The projection is that a person ascribes to the world around him his feelings and emotions. And if he believes, for example, that all relatives want him to be evil, all the policemen steal, all the neighbors hate him, according to the teachings of gestalt therapists, you need to try to find out how the person himself feels towards these people. Ask him about his attitude to neighbors, relatives, etc. According to psychologists, such a technique really helps.
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The next mechanism worth paying attention to is introjection. This mechanism is the opposite of projection and consists in the pronunciation of statements embedded in the consciousness of other people. For example, a person often says: “I must be honest, ” “I must be a good friend, ” “I must love her, ” etc. Ask the interlocutor if he is ready to replace the verb "should" with "I want" or in this situation is more suitable "I do not want?" Help a person understand his true desires.
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The last defense mechanism, according to gestalt therapists, is fusion. In this case, a person identifies himself with someone. For example, he claims: "We chose the TV, and we like it." Ask the interlocutor to replace “we” with “I” and ask if he will be able to say the same in this case? Merge tracking helps a person communicate more equitably.
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Consider the fact that most people use all of the above protection mechanisms in the communication process. But some of them may be prevailing in a particular individual. Then they should be overcome to figure out which particular emotions and feelings a particular mechanism hides. After all, few people want his communication to be purely formal with shades of falsehood and mistrust.